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Are you having trouble with your old, faulty Halstead boiler?Knowing what to do when your boiler breaks down can be tricky, as you never know how serious the problem actually is, or how difficult it’ll be for an engineer to fix.As an experienced Edinburgh heating engineer, I’ve personally dealt with this brand many times in the past, which is why I’ve put together this handy guide for troubleshooting a faulty Halstead boiler – to help you diagnose the problem.NOTE: Remember, DO NOT try to fix the problem yourself; always call a. About Halstead boilersHalstead was a British boiler manufacturer that used to be fairly popular with installers around 20 – 25 years ago. They were known for their reasonably priced, reliable boilers, and I’m not entirely sure why they fell out of fashion and stopped being stocked by merchants.Equried by the Glen Dimplex group, Halstead withdrew from the market in 2012, and is sadly no more. In some ways, Halstead were quite similar to Sime boilers, although Sime is still going today.

Fault 1: Boiler fails to ignite/cuts offIf you can hear your faulty Halstead boiler going through it’s usual sequence, and perhaps even managing to ignite briefly before cutting off, it could be a fault with the air pressure switch.The Fix: An engineer will mostly likely check the hoses leading to the air pressure switch to ensure they are not kinked or perforated, before replacing the air pressure switch. Fault 2: Ignition failure mark 2If the above problem is occurring despite the air pressure switch tested with a volt meter and found to be okay (and the hoses have been checked), it could be faulty electrics from the PCB (printed circuit board).The biggest fault I found on Ace high models in particular was the PCB, although it always looked like something else – such as the fan or air pressure switch. That’s why an engineer must always trace the current from the PCB with a volt meter – otherwise you could be paying for extra parts unnecessarily.The Fix: An engineer will most likely advise a replacement PCB. Fault 3: No hot water/lukewarm waterIf you’re not getting any hot water, your hot water is only lukewarm, OR your water is only getting hot when the heating is turned on, it’s most likely a problem with a faulty diverter valve. I’ve actually written a blog that goes into far more depth about which you might find helpful.The Fix: Get an engineer to either replace the faulty diverter valve, or strip it down and replace the diaphragm washer and spindle. Fault 4: Boiler unresponsiveIf your boiler is not even attempting to spark or ignite, but your water pressure is fine, it could be the fan has seized or jammed. Another sign of this is if your boiler has been making rattling noises for a few weeks prior to failing.The Fix: To see if the fan is really the problem, an engineer will probably want to turn the power off and try to rotate the fan first.

You’ll likely need a replacement. If you’re waiting overnight for parts, it can sometimes help to spray a little WD40 on the fan spindle, which can loosen the spindle andtide you over for a few days.

Fault 5: Gas valve failureIf your boiler turns on, and you can hear the fan running along with the air pressure switch lifting – and the boiler trying its best to ignite without any luck – it’s most likely a fault with the gas valve or solenoid on the gas valve.The Fix: First, an engineer will probably test for power to the gas valve with a volt meter, before replacing your gas valve – or solenoid, if it can be sourced separately. Consider a replacementIf you have a Halstead boiler, there’s a very good chance it’s seen better days, as these boilers are now fairly old and inefficient. If yours is being unreliable, it may be coming to the end of its life and I’d advise you to consider a replacement to avoid it costing you more in expensive repairs later down the line.Upgrading to a new, A-rated boiler could save you a lot of money in the long-term, although you may see it as a bit of an investment in terms of upfront cost. ConclusionI hope this blog has given you a better idea of some of the most common faults you can expect from your Halstead boiler, and it may even have helped you diagnose a problem you’re having at the moment. Just remember to always call in an expert, and do NOT try to fix the issue yourself.Are you experiencing a fault with your Halstead boiler that I haven’t mentioned above? Either leave a comment below or – I’ll be happy to help!

Thanks for the post, really helpful. Recently bought a house with one of these in, an ACE HE 24 to be specific.

First thing we noticed it kept tripping all the time which turned out to be a bigger fault. The g10 combustion seal perished and leaking CO, not good and currently has a gaint sticker with do not use. Parts needed are a G10 seal. AAv on pump. Diverter motor (grunfuss). Casing Seal. Fast blow fuse t4 h 250.

Wrap over pipe clip 22m x 8. Reading you blog, as much it pains my wallet, probably best looking at a new boiler.

Would you have any recommendations on makes to go with?. I am having issues with the halstead ace high boiler cutting out on over temp after long water draw off. The diverter valve, thermistors, primary & hot water flow switches and sec heat exchange plate are all fine. I can run the CH for hours and have no issues as the pump overrun works fine.

The pump doesn’t seem to run after turning the DHW off. If it did after diverter returning to CH the heat could be dissipated in the heating system via bath room rad. The over temp would no longer occur. Do you know if it should have a DHW overrun or what else could fix this problem apart from PCB replacement?Many thanksRyan.

Full text of 'Gc ^'978.6St77m M-V.3 r1193842i #;-3 1833 1^r^A^►^^■k'jm^??m^B#1S■m.' I1^^1^^^^wA^^AMONTANAIts Story and BiographyA HISTORY OF ABORIGINAL AND TERRITORIAL MONTANAAND THREE DECADES OF STATEHOODUNDER THE EDITORIAL SUPERVISIONTOM STOUTVOLUME IIITHE AMERICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETYCHICAGO AND NEW YORKI92ICopyright, 1921BYAMERICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY11S3842^JC^^ J^lA-i^HISTORY OF MONTANAHon. Paris Gibson.

Among the state soldiers ofMontana the name of Paris Gibson, who died De-cember l6, 1920, will always have a high and im-portant rank. His influence has been felt in thebroad development of the state, though his chief andparticular fame rests in his title as 'Founder ofGreat Falls.' He was probably not the first to recognize thecommercial possibilities of the Great Falls of theMissouri River, but his initiative and practical e.x-perience in the use and development of water-powerenabled him to bring fantastic dreams down to theplace of realized facts.Mr. Gibson was a real American by inheritanceas well as by the most exacting standards of moderntimes. He was born at Brownfield, O.xford County,Maine, July i, 1830, a son of Abel and Ann (How-ard) Gibson.

His first American ancestor, JohnGibson, was born in England in 1601 and settled inEastern Massachusetts in 1631. In the maternal linehis ancestor James Howard was a resident of Massa-chusetts as early as 1643, and in the Howard lineSenator Gibson was the grandson of a Revolutionarysoldier, while his grandfather Gibson was a soldierin the French and Indian war.Paris Gibson was liberally educated, attending tlieFryburg Academy at Fryburg, Maine, and graduat-ing in 1851 from Bowdoin College in Maine.

Justhalf a century later, in 1901, Bowdoin conferredupon him the honorary degree LL. He left col-lege to become a farmer, and enjoyed his first activeparticipation in politics in his native state. In 1853he was elected a member of the Maine Legislature.In 1858 Paris Gibson came west and located atthe chief industrial center of what was then thenorthwestern frontier, Minneapolis, or St.Anthony'sFalls. Minnesota was still a territory. He was aresident of Minneapolis for over twenty years, andhelped establish some of the earliest industries inthat great city. In 1858, with William W. Eastman,he built the first merchant flour mill at Minneapolis,known as the Cataract Mill.

In i860 he also erectedthe first woolen mill, known as the North StarWoolen Mill. In succeeding years Paris Gibson sawMinneapolis become an important city and the greatcountry around it developed agriculturallv. In 1879he came to Montana, locating at Fort Benton, wherehe engaged in the sheep business. Soon afterwardhe examined the territory around the confluence oftwo branches of the Missouri River, known then asthe Great Falls of the Missouri. He possessed thetechnical understanding of water power development.and from his long residence at Minneapolis hadgained the knowledge and the initiative to make useof the possibilities at the Falls in Montana. In 1884he founded the City of Great Falls, and about thattime he interested the late James J. Hill in the site.The City of Great Falls, like many otlier portionsof the Northwest, owes much to the genius of themaster railroad builder, but the presiding genius ofGreat Falls from the beginning was the veteranstatesman and business man, Paris Gibson.

In re-cent years Mr. Gibson suffered almost a completeloss of sight, but long before that misfortune inter-vened he had the satisfaction of seeing a wonderfulfruition to his early hopes and plans regardingGreat Falls.While Paris Gibson had been less of a politicianthan many men of smaller note in Montana, heenjoyed exceptional honors at the hands of his fellowcitizens.

He helped draw up the organic law of thestate as a member of the first constitutional conven-tion of 1889. He served as a member of the Mon-tana Senate in 1891, and in igoi was chosen UnitedStates Senator for the unexpired term of WilliamA. This last honor was the more gratifyingbecause he had never considered himself as a pos-sible candidate for the office. He served in theUnited States Senate until 1905.

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Senator Gibson wasa democrat, and while a resident of Minneapoliswas a member of the Church of the Redeemer, Uni-versalist, and at Great Falls a member of the Uni-tarian Church.August 23, 1858, at Brownfield, Maine, he mar-ried Valeria Goodenou Sweat, daughter of Jesse andValeria Sweat. She was born in 1838 and died, atGreat Falls August 20, 1900. To their marriagewere born four children.

The two surviving sonsare Philip and Theodore. Philip married MaryDouglas.ugust 9, 1882, while Theodore marriedMary Johnson April 9, 1888.Edwin Lloyd Kimball, who is a veteran of theWorld war, has for several years been identifiedwith Montana, and is branch manager for the Rog-ers-Templeton Lumber Company.Mr. Kimball was born at Melrose, Wisconsin,June 12, 1895. His paternal ancestors were colonialsettlers from England, first locating in Boston andafterward in the State of Maine.

His grandfather,Albert Kimball, was born at Quincy, Illinois, in1843, was reared in that city, and became an earlysettler at Neilsville, Wisconsin. For several yearshe was a farmer and later served as postmaster andotherwise was prominent in the civic and political lifeof the community. He was a veteran of the Unionarmy during the Civil war. He died at Neilsvillein 1910.Ed Kimball, father of Edwin Lloyd, was born atNeilsville, Wisconsin, in 1866, and was reared andmarried there.

After his marriage he moved to St.Paul, Minnesota, and the greater part of his activelife was spent in the service of the St. Paul, Minne-apolis & Omaha Railway. After 1900 his headquar-ters were at Washburn, Wisconsin, where he diedin 1904. He was a railway conductor for manyyears and a member of the Order of Railway Con-ductors. Politically he was a republican and was amember of the Masonic fraternity. Ed Kimballmarried Miss Maggie Brule, who was born nearMontreal.

Canada, in 1868. And died at St. She was the mother of two children: Clareand Edwin. The former is the wife of George F.McDonald, an employe at the State Capitol at St.Paul, Minnesota.Edwin Lloyd Kimball was three years old whenhis mother died and nine at the death of his fathenHe was reared to the age of fifteen by his grand-658HISTORY OF MONTANAparents at Neilsville, Wisconsin, and from the ageof fifteen to seventeen lived with his uncle, W.

He attended the high school at Neilsville,graduating in 1912. After leaving school he workedfor six months on a farm near Sioux Falls, SouthDakota, after which he was in the employ of theGoodyear Tire Company at San Francisco untilFehruar'y, 1915, then spent a short time at Albu-querque, New Mexico, and returned to Neilsville,Wisconsin, where he was in the service of the Wis-consin Bell Telephone Company until the winterof 1916.

For about a year he was with the BulletinPublishing Company at St. Paul, and then with theSt.

Paul branch of the Illinois Steel Company untilApril, 1917. Kimball made his first visit toMontana in the spring of 1917, and was on the GreatFalls Tribune until he enlisted.Mr. Kimball was in the aviation service, volun-teering in October, 1917. He received his pre-liminary training at Fort George Wright in Wash-ington, and went overseas in March, 1918, havingforeign duty until December, 1918. He was a mem-ber of the Three Hundred and Seventy-Eighth AeroSquadron. He was mustered out December 27, 1918,and after a brief visit to St.

Paul returned to GreatFalls, Montana, where he formed his first connectionwith the Rogers-Templeton Lumber Company. Be-ginning as yard man, he was sent as manager ofthe yards at Ryegate, Montana, June 6, 1919, andFebruary l, 1920, was given the management of thecompany's business at Hedgesville.Mr. Kimball, who is unmarried, is an independentin politics, a member of the Presbyterian Church,the American Legion, and is affiliated with RyegateLodge No.

Loi, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.Michael J. As far back as there is anyrecord of civilized people those who have ministeredto the comfort of the traveling public have re-ceived consideration, but in later days they havebecome even more prominent because of the wideacquaintance they enjoy and the influence they haveupon the actions of those with whom they are con-stantly brought into contact. In order to succeedthese men are obliged to understand human natureand the motives which influence their guests; theyhave to be, themselves, genial and companionable.If they are not excellent buyers and managers theupkeep will soon exceed the receipts, and no busi-ness conducted at a loss can continue for long, sothat, taking everything into consideration it is easy tounderstand why the proprietor of a hotel is a veryrepresentative citizen and prominent man, and whyhis opinions are held in such high regard. One ofthe men who is well known all through the SmithRiver Valley as well as the state itself is MichaelJ. Ryan, the genial host of the Ringling Hotel, whois also the founder of the Village of Ringling, ownerof some of the leading places of amusement here,and a landowner of more than ordinary importance.Michael J. Ryan was born in County Limerick atthe Town of Lisnagry, Ireland, on December 10, 1880,a son of Jeremiah Ryan, born at Newport, CountyTipperary Ireland, in 183S, who died at Lisnagry,County Limerick, Ireland, in 1882.

Halstead Wickes Combi 102 Manual Dexterity Test

All of his lifehe was engaged in farming. In politics he was aliberal. The Roman Catholic Church held his mem;bership and he was a devout Christian. JeremiahRyan was married in County Limerick, Ireland, toCatherine Hall, born at Lisnagry, County Limerick,in 1843.

She died at Lisnagry, Ireland, in February,1906, having survived her husband for many years.Their children were as follows: Thomas, who re-sides at Lisnagry, Ireland, is engaged in farming;George, who resides in Ohio, is clerking, and MichaelJ., who was the youngest born. Ryan wasthe daughter of Thomas Hall, born at Lisnagry, Ire-land, in 1781, who died there in 1883, having been afarmer there all of his active years. For 500 yearsthe Halls lived on the same farm on which he andMrs. Ryan were born, and were engaged in cultivat-ing the same land on which he made his living.Growing up at Lisnagry, Michael J. Ryan at-tended the national schools there and the ChristianBrothers School at Limerick, Ireland, and the Man-chester Technical School at Manchester, England,which he left in 1902 and began working in an ana-lytical establishment at Manchester, later being sentout by it to travel through the country districts ofEngland and test the milk for the farmers.In 1909 Mr. Ryan came to the United States,landing at New York City, New York, and he tookout his first papers seventj'-six hours after landing,probably the only case on record of this kind.

Leav-ing New York City Mr. Ryan came West and locatedat Dorsey, Montana, and vvorked for his uncle,George Hall, a rancher of that district. It had notbeen Mr.

Ryan's intention to come to this countryto continue an emplo3'e, and in 1910 he took up ahomestead of 160 acres, the present site of Ringling.For the subsequent six years he lived on this ranch,and in the meanwhile founded Ringling on a portionof it, erected his hotel, which he has made into theleading one in this section of Meagher County. Heowns a pool and billiard hall and a moving picturetheater, both of which he keeps up to standard inevery respect, believing in furnishing clean andmodern places of amusement for the people at amoderate price. Ryan who erected thelighting plant to furnish light to the Hall Addition,which is located on the north side of the Chicago,Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad tracks, and comprisesabout one-half of the town. As a member of theRingling Commercial Club and of its executive com-mittee, he is continuing his public-spirited efforts inbehalf of the place, and he has been very active inarousing interest and securing the establishment ofthe church parish, for he is a devout Roman Cath-olic.

In later years he has bought other ranch prop-erty and now owns a ranch four miles south ofRingling, as the whole of the north side and a por-tion of the south side occupy the site of the originalone.On June 28, 1914, Mr. Ryan was married at Louis-ville, Kentucky, to Miss Katherine D.

McGrath, adaughter of J. And Mary McGrath, who are stillresidents of Louisville, where Mr. McGrath is man-aging a hotel. Ryan is a talented musician andis a graduate of the Louisville Conservatory of Musicin both vocal and instrumental music. Her remark-able abilities have attracted considerable attentionand afford genuine pleasure to music lovers in herneighborhood.

Ryan have one daugh-ter, Katherine, who was born on May 3, 1915.There are some who claim that Mr. Ryan's re-markable progress is the result of luck, but thosewho understand these things better know that thisis not true. Many have come to this and otherportions of Montana and have been content to re-main ranchers, or who have not had the abilityor ambition to branch out. Ryan, forhe is of a different caliber. Each act of his has beena step forward toward a definite goal, and not onehas been consummated without careful consideration.He has possessed the grit, the ambition, the fore-sight and the vision to promulgate and carry outto a successful completion plans which would havestaggered any ordinary person.

When his careeris reviewed it is difficult to realize that a man whohas just rounded his second score of years has' r^lA.M^^' officialMr. Hart was awarded higher honors and wasmade the state treasurer of Montana.

He is anefficient worker in the ranks of the republican party,is a member of the Baptist Church and has gaineda high place in Masonry. He belongs to Ionic LodgeNo. 38, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Ham-ilton, of which he is a past master, is a past highpriest of Hamilton Chapter No. 18, Royal ArchMasons, is a member of Helena Council No. I.Royal and Select Masters, a member of CrusadeCommandery No. 17, Knights Templar, at Hamilton,member of Bagdad Temple, Ancient and ArabicOrder Nobles of Mystic Shrine at Butte, and amember of Helena Consistory No.

3, thirty-seconddegree. He is at the present time grand juniordeacon of the Grand Lodge of Montana, grand mas-ter of the Third Veil -of the Grand Chapter ofMontana, and grand patron of the Order of EasternStar of Montana. He is a member and a past patronof Leona Chapter No. 31 of the Order of EasternStar at Hamilton.Mr. Hart sold his ranch in 1919, and the familyhome is at 837 Sixth Avenue, Helena. He vvasmarried at LaPorte, Indiana, in 1894, to MissBertha E. Crowl, a daughter of J.

And JennieCrowl, who still reside in the City of LaPorte, wherethe father is a retired farmer. Hart is agraduate of the LaPorte High School. Three chil-dren were born to Mr. The oldest,Lester O., born in 1896, enlisted in the Regular Armyin 1916, and has been promoted to the rank oflieutenant. He was with the Third United StatesEngineers in Honolulu, and during the World warwas an instructor at Camp Johnson, Jacksonville,Florida. The second son, Lynden, died at the ageof seven years.

Russell H., born January 2, 1900,enlisted for service in the. World war in AviationCorps No. 674, Aerial Squadron, was sent overseasto England, and remained there with a flight squad-ron, testing aeroplanes. He is a skilled mechanic,and is now associated with the Baird & Harper Lum-ber Company at Warland, Montana.Charles H. Reifenrath was born in Waukegan,Illinois, October 22, 1878, but has been a residentof Helena, Montana, during the greater part of hislife. For many years he has been a leading news-paper man in the city, and is regarded as one of itsmost public-spirited citizens.

At present he is theowner of the Northwestern Stockman and Farmerand general manager of the Montana Record-Herald.Mr. Reifcnrath's father, Herman Reifenrath, wasborn in Germany in 1832, and died at Helena, Mon-tana, in February, 1918.

Coming to the UnitedStates as a young man, he settled near the City ofWaukegan, Cook County, Illinois, and there marriedEliza Ann Gartley, who died at Helena in 1914, andby whom Mr. Reifenrath had six children: Minnie,who married Mr.

Carson, now at Manila, PhilippineIslands; Ella, married to James H. Bondy, of GreatFalls, Montana; Gertrude, married to John F. Davis,an attorney of Spokane, Washington; William, whowas killed in a railroad wreck at De Hart, Montana;Anna, the wife of Wallace D.

Coburn, of Hollywood,California; and Charles H., the youngest of the sixchildren.Herman Reifenrath was for many years sta-tionmaster, first in Chicago for the NorthwesternRailroad, and after having been with the same rail-road in Minneapolis, Minnesota, came to Helena,Montana, in 1885 as station master for the NorthernPacific Railroad, from which position he retiredin 191S.In the course of an unusually busy life, CharlesH. Reifenrath has held many positions of trustand importance as an emplo3'e of several largeconcerns, working up from the beginning of thenewspaper business to the head of it.In 1904 he purchased an interest in the North-western Stockman and Farmer, which he now owns.This paper was established, in 1890 by Russell B.Harrison, a son of former president Benjamin B.Harrison.In 1914 Mr.

Reifenrath, in company with Dr. Lanstrum, George Mayors, Con Hildebrand andFrank Whalen, organized the Record Printing Com-pany, and became the active manager of that con-cern on January I, 1916, when he likewise becamegeneral manager of the Montana Daily Record.The name of this paper w^as changed in 1916 to theMontana Record-Herald. It is a republican paper,recognized as the leading republican paper of theState of Montana, being also by way of successionfrom the Radiator, established in 1865, the oldestpaper in the state.As a leading republican Mr. Reifenrath has beenchairman of the Republican Central Committee ofLewis and Clark County, and in 1900 was a candi-date for treasurer. He is a member of the Episco-pal Church, and of King Solomon Lodge No. 9.Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Helena Chap-ter No. 2, Royal Arch Masons; Helena Comman-dery No.

2, Knights Templar; Algeria Temple,Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine;and Helena Lodge No. 193, Benevolent ProtectiveOrder of Elks. He is also a member of the Mon-tana Club, the Rotary Club, and the Helena Com-mercial Club, of which last organization he has beena director.Mr. Reifenrath was married to Miss Grace MableWilson in 1907, who was born in Mankato, Minne-sota. Before her marriage she taught music in thepublic schools of Helena.They have three children, Charles H., Jr., Wil-son G.

And Elizabeth, and occupy a modern resi-dence at 731 Stewart Street, Helena.James Travis, one of the leading men of CascadS.has been associated with much of the developmentof this part of the West, and is one of the mosthighly respected citizens of the state, as well asone of its pioneers. He was born in Somersetshire,England, September 10. 1852, a son of James andElizabeth (Holland) Travis, both natives of Som-ersetshire, he being born in 1827 and she in 1830.His death occurred when he was seventy-four yearsold, and hers when she was seventy. They hadeight children, of whom five are now living, JamesTravis being the eldest of the family. By trade ablacksmith, James Travis, the elder, followed hiscalling in England until 1871, but in that year cameto the United States and was engaged in prospect-ing and mining in the vicinity of Helena, ^lontana,where he spent the remainder of his life. In religi-ous faith he was a member of the Methodist Epis-copal Church.

Aher obtaining his papers of citizen-ship he espoused the nrinciples of the republicanparty, and held to them the rest of his life.James Travis, whose name heads this review, at-tended the public schools of England, and a nightschool at Helena, Montana. In 1869 he left Englandfor Quebec, Canada, on the steamship Astoria,and after a short period spent in Quebec he wentto Montreal, and then came to the United States,New York City being his first stop. From therehe came West to Laramie, Wyoming, by rail. Atthat point he drove six yoke of oxen and traveledoverland with them to Helena.

Montana, being threemonths on the trip. Reaching Helena, he was en-pilH^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^lH' ' ' '^^^^^l^^^^K.^^.^^H^^K^-^^^^^l^^^^^^^Ir^^^^^^^^^l■■^H^^^^VH ^'^jj^l^^^^^^^Hm^ ^ ^^HF 1 ^^^^11aHISTORY OF MONTANA671gaged in prospecting and placer mining on Ten MileCreek until the fall of 1874 when he made a trip toChestnut Valley, and for about two months was en-gaged there in hunting buffalo and -looking the landover. He then returned to Helena and went intoquartz mining.

In 1885 he sold his mining interestsand came back to Chestnut Valley to engage in thecattle industry, at one time having as many as 2,000head of cattle. At present he owns and controlsabout 2,000 acres of land, and is still interested instockraising on an extensive scale. In 1909 he ranfor state representative on the republican ticket, andwas beaten by only two votes. He and the candidateon the democratic ticket agreed before election thatthere would be no contest, so no recount was takenof the votes. For about forty years Mr.

Travis hasbeen a member of the school board, and has donemuch to improve the educational advantages offeredthe children of this section. In addition to owninga large amount of property at Cascade, Mr. Travisbuilt and owns a large brick garage, and is a heavystockholder of the Cascade Co-operative Association.In 1885 Mr. Travis was married to Jennie Winmill,who died in 1891, leaving two children, namely: Ida,who is the wife of Christie Johnson and has threechildren, two sons and one daughter; and Addie.the j'ounger of the two sisters, married LeoShefieer, of Helena. Travis was mar-ried to Jennie Perrine, born in Washington County,Iowa, a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Arnold!Perrine. James Perrine was born in WashingtonCounty, Pennsylvania, in 1800, and died in 1886.aged eighty-six years.

His wife was born nearSteubenville, Ohio, in 1824, and died in 1886, agedsixty-two years, having borne her husband sevenchildren, four of whom are living. Perrinecame to Ohio in 1839, where he remained for someyears, and then went to Washington County, Iowa,and there died. In politics he was a whig. By hissecond marriage Mr.

Travis has a daughter, Eliza-beth Ann. She married John E.

Day, and they havethree children, one daughter and two sons.James Travis did not advance from the poor youngprospector to the man of ample means and largeinterests without hard work and the exercise ofshrewd common sense. Early in life he recognizedthe fact that unless he was willing to work hecould not hope to advance, and never spared him-self during his earlier days, but steadily forgedahead until he was able to acquire a sufficient amountto make substantial investments. Since coming toCascade he has interested himself in developingthis region, and to him a large amount of creditis due for the present prosperous condition. As arepublican he has worked for his party, and is oneof its leaders in the city and county. Such menas he are a valued addition to any community withwhich they cast their lot, and Cascade recognizesits obligation to him.Is.AC S. M.RTINE is the present sheriff of TetonCounty.

He has been an invaluable public official,and his record in business and in civic affairs hasentitled him to the complete confidence of his fellowcitizens.Mr. Martine was born on his father's farm nearSleepy Eye in Brown County, Minnesota, April 20,1876.

His parents were Isaac and Elizabeth (Wer-ring) Martine. His father was born near Rochester,New York, and died in 1897, while his mother is anative of England and is still living in her seventy-seventh year. The parents were married at Racine,Wisconsin. Isaac Martine, Sr., went to Wiscon-' sin when a young man, and left his farm in thatstate to enlist in Company F of the Second Wis-consin Infantry at the breaking out of the Civilwar. He was wounded in the first battle of BullRun, and was so severely injured that he was in-capacitated for further duty as a soldier and therest of his life suffered a handicap upon his normalstrength and functions. From Wisconsin he movedto Minnesota and was a pioneer in Brown County.He was a republican and a member of the GrandArmy of the Republic. Of his four children threeare still living: Isaac S.

Being the youngest.Isaac S. Martine grew up in a rural district inMinnesota, attended school in winters, and grad-uated from high school with the class of 1898. Forseven j-ears he was a successful teacher in Minne-sota and Idaho. He went to Idaho in 1905 and fortwo years was connected with the Idaho State LandBoard. Martine came to Conrad,Montana, and engaged in the real estate and loanbusiness. He was also head of the police depart-ment of that town. From Conrad he removed toChoteau and in 1915 was appointed deputy sheriff.Later he served two and a half years as deputycounty clerk and on November 5, 1918, was electedsheriff of Teton County.Mr.

Martine is affiliated with Choteau Lodge No.44. Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, ChoteauChapter No. 25, Royal Arch Masons, Bethany Com-mandery No. 19, Knight Templar, and the GreatFalls Consistory, Scottish Rite, and Algeria Templeof the Mystic Shrine at Helena. Politically he is arepublican.July 17, 1900, Mr. Martine married KathleenJohnson, a native of Sleepy Eye, Minnesota.

Theyhave seven children: Gladys, Alice, Myrtle,Howard, Ruth, Lucile and James.Paul Jacobson, clerk of the District Court atChoteau, at the time of his death, was a permanentresident of Teton County for many years, and helda number or responsibilities in public affairs.He was born in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota,April 9, 1875. His parents, Peter F. And Matilda(Quenemoen) Jacobson, were both natives of Nor-way, his father born April 14, 1842, and his motherin 1844. The latter died in 1916. They were mar-ried in Iowa, and of their twelve children eight arestill living, Paul being the sixth in age.Peter F. Jacobson was a prominent pioneer ofMinnesota. At the age of fourteen he crossed theAtlantic by sailing ship and after a long voyage heand his widowed mother landed in New York.

Hecame to the 3'ears of manhood in Fayette County,Iowa, where he finished his education in Americanschools. He did some farming on his own accountin Iowa, and after his marriage moved to Lac quiParle County, taking up a Government claim andbecoming one of the first settlers in that section.

Hebuilt a log house with a shingle roof, the first struc-ture of its kind in the county. Besides farming hewas also a merchant and for several years was anIndian trader. He also represented his county inthe State Legislature for several terms. PeterJacobson remained an honored resident of Min-nesota until 1898, when he spent a year in Washing-ton and Oregon and for about a year also lived atChoteau, Montana. He then retired to Billingham,Washington, where he is still living. He is a re-publican in politics. His living children are: Jacob,a native of Iowa; Elizabeth, who was the first whitechild born in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota;Rachel, Olaf, Marie, John, Martin and Man ford.

Paul Jacobson acquired his early education m hisnative county of Minnesota and lived at home onhis father's farm until he was twenty years of age.In 1898 he moved to Washington and Oregon, andHISTORY OF MONTANAin June, 1899, located at Choteau, Teton County,Montana. His first employment here was on aranch.

He clerked in local establishments for sev-eral years and in 1904 was appointed under sheriff.He held that office two years and then resumedclerking. He was appointed and served one yearas superintendent of weights and measures ' forTeton county. Following that he was a merchantat Choteau, but in 1912 disposed of his business. Hewas appointed deputy clerk of the Nineteenth Dis-trict Court. He was chosen clerk of the DistrictCourt in 1916 and gave a well ordered and efficientadministration of that office from January i, 1917,until his death, which occurred August 5, 1919!He was a republican and was elected clerk on thatticket.May I, 1905, Mr. Jacobson married Miss BlancheKennedy, a native of Michigan.

They had onedaughter, Margaret Elizabeth. Jacobson wasappointed by the Commission to the position ofclerk of the District after the death of her husband.C. The gentleman to a brief review ofwhose life and characteristics the reader's attentionIS herewith directed is among the foremost businessmen of Pondera County, and has bv his enterprise,and progressive methods contributed in a materialway to the commercial advancement of the locality.He has in the course of an honorable career beenmost successful in the business enterprises of whichhe has been the head and is well deserving of men-tion m the annals of his section of the state.C. Drake is a native son of the Hawkeyestate, having been born at Rossville, Fayette Coun-ty, Iowa. His parents were Simeon H.

And Cecelia(Henderson) Drake, natives of New York State andthe parents of three children. The father died in1899, when sixty-two years of age, while the motherIS still living at the age of eighty-three years. Drake, who had been a soldier for theUnion in the War of the Rebellion, became a phy-sician by profession, having graduated from theChicago Medical College, now the Medical De-partment of Northwestern University.

He firstpracticed his profession at West Union, Iowa, butlater located at Jamestown. North Dakota and stilllater at Butte, Montana.

His last professional workwas at Choteau, Teton Countv, where he spent hislast days. He was a member of the National andState Medical Societies, and was a prominent mem-ber of the Masonic fraternity. In politics he wasa republican.C.

Drake's first identification with the busi-ness interests of Montana was in 1890. When he en-gaged in the drug business at Butte.

Later heopened a drug store at Whitehall and in 1898 en-gaged in the same business at Choteau, Teton Coun-ty. Here he at once assumed a leading place amongthe business men of his communitv, and in 1899he received from President McKinley an appoint-ment as postmaster of Choteau. And two commis-sions to the same office from President Roosevelt,thus serving three terms and giving entire satis-faction to the patrons of the office. At one time Mr.Drake owned and operated seven different drugstores in Teton County.

In lom he located in Con-rad, Pondera County, and opened a drug store. Heorganized the Montana Telephone Company, ofwhich he became secretary and treasurer, and ofwhich line he had been the original builder. Mr.Drake also has extensive farming interests, and hisprogressive spirit is shown in the fact that he wasone of the first men in Pondera County to irrigatehi-^ land for agricultural purposes, and has thusshown the way to greater possibilities for thefarmers in this community.Mr. Drake has been married twice, first to JessieDobyns, a native of Kansas, to which union wereborn two children, Harry H. Afterthe death of his first wife Mr. Drake married MaryH.

Conrad, a native of Virginia. In politics Mr.Drake is a republican, and he takes an intelligent in-terest in the trend of public affairs, giving his sup-port at all times to those movements which promiseto advance the best interests of the community inwhich he lives.George B. Few citizens of Great Fallsare as widely and ■ favorably known as George B.Calvert, one of the most successful builders andcontractors in this section of the state and one ofthe community's most useful and highly esteemedmen.

His life has become a part of the history ofthe community in which he has made his home formany years, and his long and honorable businesscareer has brought him before the public in sucha way as to gain the esteem and confidence of hisfellow men and give him a reputation such as fewof his contemporaries have attained. Keen percep-tion, tireless energy and honesty of purpose, com-bined with mature judgment and every-day com-mon sense, have ever been among his most prom-inent characteristics, and while laboring for in-dividual success and for the material interests ofthe community, he has also been largely instru-mental in promoting the moral welfare of those withwhom he has mingled.George B. Calvert was born in Lindsey, Ontario,Canada, on June 7, 1866, and is the son of Williamand Eliza (Holladay) Calvert.

William Calvertwas an Englishman by nativity, born in 1834, andhis death occurred on January 15, 1918, at the ageof eighty-four years. When but four years of agehe was brought to America by his parents, Mr. George Calvert, who located in Ontario, Can-ada. He was there reared and educated, and onattaining maturity he became a building contractor,in which he was fairly successful. He erected thefirst saw-mill in Ontario.

During the building ofthe great Erie Canal he acted as a foreman. Hecontinued in his line there until the spring of 1880,when he removed to Winnipeg, Canada, and wasthere occupied as a building contractor up to 1884,when he came to Helena, Montana, and was sim-ilarly occupied for several years. He then locatedat Anoka, Minnesota, where he was engaged incontracting up to 1888. He then came to GreatFalls, and was prominently identified with thebuilding operations of this city and vicinity up to1907. In that year Mr.

Calvert movedto Tacoma, Washington, and there they celebratedthe golden anniversary of tlieir marriage on Feb-ruary )6th of that year. They spent their remain-ing days in Tacoma. In Ontario, Canada, Mr. Cal-vert married Eliza Holladay, who was born in thenorth of Ireland in 1835, and who died in 1914.

Atthe age of seventy-nine years. They became theparents of seven children, four sons and threedaughters, of whom six are now living. Of thesechildren the subject of this sketch was the thirdin order of birth.George B.

Calvert spent his boyhood days underthe parental roof and received his education in thepublic schools of Ontario and Winnipeg. On corn-pleting his education he became associated with hisfather in the contracting business, their relation be-ing maintained from i88g to 1901, they having cometo Montana in August, 1887. Since 1901 Mr. Calverthas carried on his operations alone and has been^ Jp^%rHISTORY OF MONTANA673very successful, his operations covering a wide rangeof country contiguous to Great Falls.

During thepast two years he has erected all the buildings forthe Montana Power Company, including the newsub-station and warehouse, costing about $110,000.He is now building for himself seven houses, all ofbrick construction and ranging in value from $4,500to $7,000, and which he expects to sell on comple-tion. He is thoroughly conversant with every de-tail of the various building trades, and is thereforecompetent to advise prospective builders and savethem money. Absolutely honest in all his transac-tions, he has gained an enviable reputation for re-liability and enjoys his full share of the businessin his line in this section of the state.On September 21, 1890, Mr.

Calvert was marriedto Minnie M. Patterson, who was born in Springfield,Illinois, and to them have been born four children,namely: Alice, the wife of Herbert H.

Bell, of Dal-las, Texas; Bessie is the wife of R. Page, ofGreat Falls; George C. And Jerald.Politically Mr. Calvert is a republican and hastaken a keen interest in local public affairs, and hasserved as alderman from the fourth ward, havingbeen first elected in 1910 and serving seven years.Fraternally he is a member of Great Falls LodgeNo.

214, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks,and the Woodmen of the World. He is also amember of the Commercial Club and the RotaryClub of Great Falls. Calvert is a man whowould have won his way in any locality where fatemight have placed him, for he possesses sound judg-ment, coupled with great energy and busiriess tact,together with upright principles, all of which makefor success wherever and whenever they are persist-ently and rightly applied. By reason of these prin-ciples he has won and retains a host of friendsthroughout this section of the state.Wheeler O. Nearly sixty years havebeen numbered with the past since Wheeler O. Dex-ter, a venerable and highly honored citizen of FortBenton, came to the section of country includedwithin the scope of the present work. Upon hisarrival this section of the treasure state was largelyan undeveloped region, awaiting the awakeningtouch of the sturdy pioneer to transform its wildlands into rich farms and beautiful homes, to foundcities and towns, to establish churches and schools,and in many other ways to reclaim the country forthe use of man.

Dexter well deserves mentionwith the substantial men of this section of the coun-try, for he has seen and taken part in the work ofdevelopment, and his reminiscences of the early dayshere are indeed interesting, so that it is with pleas-ure that a review of his long, interesting and usefulcareer is herewith presented.Wheeler O. Dexter was born in Steuben County,New York, on July 31. T843, and is the son of Belaland Annie (Snyder) Dexter, who were both alsonatives of the great Empire State. The father, wasborn in 1800, and died on February 15, 1851, andthe mother, who was born in 1812. Died in 1872, atthe age of sixty years. Of their three children thesubject of this sketch is the youngest child and theonly survivor. He was only seven years old whenhis father died, so that it became necessary to acertain extent that he should look out for his ownwelfare.'

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Fter attending the public schools heentered Ithaca Academy, paying for his board bydoing chores. But he was ambitious to secure aneducation and took advantage of every opportunityto improve his knowledge. The habits then formedhave never left Mr. Dexter, who has all his life beena close reader and a keen observer of men andevents, so that he is an unusually well informedman on general topics.On January 4, 1864, Mr. Dexter enlisted in Com-pany F, Sixteenth Regiment New York Heavy.Artil-lery, with which he served until mustered out onJune 24, 1865.

He was on the James River underheavy fire for ten days and saw much arduous serv-ice. For a time, however, he was detached from hiscommand, being detailed as a clerk at headquarters.After his return from military service Mr. Dexterwent to the oil fields of Pennsylvania, where heworked for a while, but on June 6, 1866, he wentto St. Cloud, Minnesota, and joined the Fisk outfit,who were making ready for a western migration.They were fitted out with a miscellaneous assortmentof equipment, including ox teams, mule teams, horseteams and cow teams, but Mr. Dexter rode his ownhorse. He accompanied the expedition and visitedFort Benton on August 27 and 28, 1866.

On the 2dof September following he arrived at Helena, andat once obtained employment as a night clerk in ahotel. Some time later he took the position of en-gineer in a sawmill, having in the meantime erecteda cabin.

In February, 1867, he became engineer in aquartz mill, where he was employed about a year,and then he engaged in prospecting for coal. ' Hewas successful in locating coal on the MissouriRiver, below Cow Island, and he also engaged inthe wood business at Cow Island, having wood yardsalso along the river from Cow Island to Grand Islandand supplying fuel to the steamers plying the river.He later broadened his operations and furnishedthe boats with meat, having an ice house and han-dling deer, mountain sheep and other game. Afte.rthe river water was too low in the fall for theriver boats, Mr. Dexter hauled passengers to FortBenton and Helena, and then wintered in the Galla-tin Valley. Later he engaged in threshing, burnedcharcoal and cut wood, which he hauled to Bozemanand sold. In 1874 he engaged in the meat businessat Bozeman, but in the spring of the following yearhe carne to Fort Benton, where he engaged infreighting.

He also opened a lumber yard, hav'nga sawmill at Highwood, and in that way proved agodsend to the pioneers. In 1885 and 1886 Mr.Dexter inaugurated two ferries across the river atGreat Falls and also built the first steam launch atthat place. He also built a ferry on Sun River. In1877 he bought the first threshing outfit at FortBenton and did a vast amount of work for thefarmers of that section.

Dexter took upa homestead and engaged extensively in the breedingand raising of +iorses, in which he met with splendidsuccess. He has been handling farm machinery, gasengines, stationary engines, marine engines and gen-eral road supplies for several years, and has metwith excellent success. He has also given good serv-ice as public administrator, which position he hasfilled for many years.During the long period since Mr. Dexter came tothis state as a pioneer he has passed through manyunusual and interesting experiences, which ff col-lected in permanent form would make a most inter-esting and valuable collection of sidelights on theearly history of the Northwest.

Among the incidentswith which he was personally connected, he relatesthat at one time his horses were stolen by the In-dians. He spent twenty-eight days in the search forthem, finally locating them in an Indian camp. Itwas necessary to secure the help of the Indianagent, who gave the Indians some stores whichbelonged to them anyhow and so got the horsesreleased.At another time Mr. Dexter was ridingacross a rough section of tlie country on a veryslow horse, when he came across a bear witli twoHISTORY OF MONTANAcubs.

He did his best to spur his horse to quickaction, hoping to get away without attracting theattention of the mother bear. He failed in his at-tempt, but when the horse discovered that the bearwas after him he showed a wonderful exhibition ofspeed, making a runaway of it and leaving Mrs.Bruin far behind. While hunting buffalo for hiswinter supply of meat in 187S Mr. Dexter was sounfortunate as to have his entire load of meat upset,a part of the load falling on him in such a wayas to crush the bones in his neck, as a result ofwhich he was paralyzed for a considerable length oftime.For a half century Mr. Dexter has been a mem-ber of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons andis a life member of Chouteau Lodge No.

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He isalso a member of the Order of the Eastern Star.His old Civil war associations are kept alive throughhis membership in the Grand Army of the Republic,his local affiliation being with Sheridan Post No. 25at Great Falls. He retains an active interest in thishonored organization and attended the national en-campment of the Grand Army which was held atColumbus, Ohio, in September, 1919- He has playedwell his part in the drama of civilization and becauseof his achievements and his sterling qualities ofcharacter he enjoys a well-deserved popularity andis eminently entitled to representation in a workof the character of the present volume.Sumner St.

Claire Franks, agent of the Conti-nental Oil Company at Oilman, is one of the sub-stantial men of the Sun River Valley. He wasborn at Goldfield, Wright County, Iowa, on April7, 1866, a son of James L. Franks and grandson ofJohn Franks.James L. Franks was born at Nottinghamshire,England, in 1818, where he was reared and learnedthe butchering trade. In 1853 he came to the UnitedStates and located in Henry County, Illinois, andthere became owner of a coal mine. Later he wentto Tama, Iowa, where he engaged in a land busi-ness, but when he went to Goldfield, Iowa, he en-gaged in farming. In 1875 he made another change,going then to Wadena, Minnesota, where he con-tinued to farm until his death in 1898.

After com-ing to America he became a republican, and in 1880was census taker in Wright County, Iowa, and al-ways was prominent in the public affairs of theseveral communities in which he lived. The Epis-copal church held his membership, and he was con-sistent in living up to its requirements.The marriage of James L. Franks took place inEngland, when he was united with a Miss Boote,who bore him the following children: James, wholives near London, England; and John, who was acaptain in the English army during the Real Re-bellion in Canada, but of recent years his brotherhas lost track of his movements. The first Mrs.Franks died in England, and after coming to theUnited States James L. Franks was married toMary Ann Burton, born on Staten Island, NewYork, in 1838, and died at Wadena, Minnesota, in1904. By this marriage James L. Franks had thefollowing children: Ben Lewis, who is a black-smith of Cohasset, Minnesota; Florence, who mar-ried Alfred J.

Caswell, a railroad man of Minne-apolis, Minnesota; Martha Wright, who marriedByron Waite, a farmer of Erie, Illinois; SumnerSt. Claire, who was fourth in order of birth, andGeorge, who is a ranch owner, banker and prom-inent citizen of Minnesota.Sumner S. Franks was educated in the publicschools of Goldfield, Iowa, remaining on his father'sfarm until he was twenty-two years old, at whichtime he took a trip through Montana, Idaho, Wash-ington and British Columbia, the date of his firsttrip to Montana being 1889. In order to supporthimself on this trip he worked in various lines, andthen in 1895 returned to Wadena, Minnesota, andassisted his father for eight years. In June, 1904he returned to Montana, landing at Augusta on July4 of that year, and until September 17 worked onneighboring ranches. Once more he returned toWadena, on account of the illness of his wife, andremained there, working on the farm he owneduntil her death, which occurred on April 4, 1905.By the end of April of that same year he returnedto Augusta and was employed in ranch work, andprospected, mined and acted as a guide in the moun-tains for three years.

Then, until the founding ofOilman, Mr. Franks worked in the vicinity ofAugusta as a rancher, but when the former placewas established in 1912, he became one of its pion-eers and opened up its first restaurant, which heconducted until 1916, when he engaged with theContinental Oil Company and is now its agent forthis section of Lewis and Clark County. Until 1919 hewas also engaged in freighting, iDut no longercarried on that business. Although one of the newtowns of Montana, Oilman is in a flourishing con-dition, and Mr. Franks is proud of the fact thathe did pioneer work here and can lay claim to as-sisting in getting things well started.In politics Mr. Franks is a republican. He be-longs to the Episcopal Church.

Fraternally he is amember of Augusta Lodge No. 54, Ancient Freeand Accepted Masons, and Augusta Camp, ModernWoodmen of America. He owns a restaurant lo-cated on Central Avenue, and his residence, which ison the same thoroughfare, has mining interests andis a stockholder in the Wymont Oil and Gas Com-pany. As one of the trustees of the Oilman ParkAssociation he is doing much to afford the peopleof this community a recreation ground.Mr. Franks was married in 1898, at Wadena,Minnesota, his wife being a native of Woodside,Oak Valley township, that state. Their only childis Richard L., who was born on May 30, 1902. Heattended the Minnesota High School, and is now as-sisting his father.

Franks was married in 191 1to Mrs. Harriet Nett, a native of Montana, born atHelena.Edwin L. A long chapter of importantMontana history was written while Edwin L. Nor-ris was lieutenant governor and governor of thestate, a period of eight years.Governor Norris, who is now one of the esteemedresidents of Great Falls, has been in Montana andengaged in the practice of law since the beginningof statehood.

In fact he was admitted to theMontana bar about the same time that Montanawas admitted to the Union.He was born in Cumberland County, Kentucky,August 15. 1865, a son of W. And Martha( Nunn) Norris. His parents were also born inCumberland County, and are still living, as aretheir three sons. Governor Norris was the secondchild.He was educated in the Western KentuckyNormal School at Bowling Green and was admittedto the Montana bar October 8, i889he came to Montana, engaging in the lumber busi-ness at Dunkirk, in which he met with a gratifyingdegree of success.

In the meantime he took aleading part in the organization of Hill Countyand on March 29, 1912, he was appointed clerk ofthe court, being regularl- elected to the office inthe following November. So eminently satisfactorywas his discharge of his official duties that in No-vember, 1916, he was elected to succeed himself, andis thus the present incumbent of that office. Hethoroughly understands every detail of the countyofficial business and is courteous and obliging to allwho have business to transact in his office, being afirm believer in the principle that 'public office is apublic trust.' Therefore one does not have toseek far for the explanation of his popularity inthat community.On June 18, 1889, Mr. Glass was married toMargaret McCabe, who was born in Canada, and tothem has been born one son, Walter L. The lattersecured his education in the public schools of St.Paul, Minnesota. In June, 1916, he enlisted in aNew York cavalry regiment, with which he spentone year on the Mexican border.

In March, 1917,he joined the One Hundred Sixth Machi.